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Asthma

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease causing recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing. While most asthma is controlled with inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators, 5–10% of patients have severe, uncontrolled asthma despite maximal inhaler therapy. A new generation of biologics targeting specific inflammatory pathways (IL-4/13, IL-5, IgE, TSLP) has transformed outcomes for severe asthma.

📊 ~25 million Americans have asthma — about 1 in 12 people. ~3.6 million have severe asthma inadequately controlled by standard inhalers. Asthma costs the US healthcare system ~$80 billion annually.
asthma severe asthma eosinophilic asthma asthma biologic Dupixent asthma Fasenra
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👥 ~25 million in US · Patients in US
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🏥 Pulmonology / Allergy · Specialty
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💊 5 available · FDA-approved drugs

FDA-Approved Treatments

Current approved therapies — what they are, who makes them, and what to ask your doctor.

Dupixent
dupilumab · Sanofi / Regeneron
IL-4/IL-13 Inhibitor (biologic)

FDA-approved for moderate-to-severe asthma (2018). Blocks IL-4 and IL-13 signaling — the core type 2 inflammatory pathway. Reduces exacerbations by 48–70% in trials. Most effective in patients with elevated eosinophils or FeNO.

💰 ~$38,000/year list price Subcutaneous injection every 2 weeks ✓ Patient Assist
Fasenra
benralizumab · AstraZeneca
IL-5Rα Inhibitor (biologic)

FDA-approved for severe eosinophilic asthma (2017). Directly depletes eosinophils by targeting IL-5 receptor alpha. Reduces exacerbations by ~51% in trials. Most effective in patients with blood eosinophils ≥300 cells/μL.

💰 ~$45,000/year list price Subcutaneous injection every 4–8 weeks ✓ Patient Assist
Nucala
mepolizumab · GSK
IL-5 Inhibitor (biologic)

FDA-approved for severe eosinophilic asthma (2015). First anti-IL-5 biologic approved for asthma. Reduces circulating eosinophils by ~80%. ~47% reduction in exacerbations vs placebo.

💰 ~$43,000/year list price Subcutaneous injection monthly ✓ Patient Assist
Tezspire
tezepelumab · AstraZeneca / Amgen
TSLP Inhibitor (biologic)

FDA-approved for severe asthma (2021). Targets TSLP — the most upstream trigger of airway inflammation. Works across all asthma phenotypes, not just eosinophilic. ~70% reduction in exacerbations in NAVIGATOR trial.

💰 ~$45,000/year list price Subcutaneous injection monthly ✓ Patient Assist
Xolair
omalizumab · Genentech / Novartis
Anti-IgE Antibody (biologic)

First biologic approved for severe asthma (2003). Anti-IgE monoclonal antibody — reduces free IgE, decreasing allergic triggering. Appropriate for allergic asthma (elevated IgE, skin test positive). 25+ year safety record.

💰 ~$15,000–$40,000/year (dose-dependent) Subcutaneous injection every 2–4 weeks ✓ Patient Assist

Community Feed

What patients and caregivers are saying about Asthma

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📋 Newly Diagnosed Guide

Diagnosed with severe asthma? What to do next.

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1. See an asthma specialist (allergist or pulmonologist)

A specialist can phenotype your asthma — eosinophilic, allergic, non-type-2 — which determines which biologic is right for you. They'll order blood eosinophils, FeNO, total IgE, and allergen skin testing.

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2. Get your biomarkers tested

The right biologic depends on your asthma phenotype. Key biomarkers: Blood eosinophil count (≥300/μL = eosinophilic), FeNO ≥25 ppb (type 2 inflammation), Total IgE + allergen skin tests (elevated = allergic asthma). Ask your doctor to run a full type 2 biomarker panel.

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3. Optimize your inhaler regimen first

Before biologics, make sure you're on optimal inhaler therapy: high-dose ICS + LABA, and possibly a LAMA. Check your inhaler technique — up to 60% of patients use inhalers incorrectly. Biologics are adjunct therapy, not a replacement for inhalers.

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4. Identify and control asthma triggers

Document what triggers your asthma: allergens (dust mites, pet dander, mold, pollen), irritants (smoke, air pollution), exercise, cold air, viral infections, aspirin/NSAIDs. Trigger reduction plus biologic therapy produces better outcomes than either alone.

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5. All major asthma biologics have co-pay assistance

List prices for asthma biologics are $15K–$45K/year, but manufacturer programs often bring costs to near-$0 for commercially insured patients. Your specialist's office can help you enroll — don't delay treatment due to sticker price concerns.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Real questions from patients and caregivers — answered in plain English.